The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant was intended by the Soviet Union to be a symbol of technological progress. Preparations for construction began in 1974 on a greenfield site next to Lake Drūkšiai. The town of Visaginas was built specifically to accommodate the plant's 5000 workers. The plant contained two Soviet-designed RBMK-1500 water-cooled graphite-moderated channel-type power reactors, designed by NIKIET. Unit 1 came online in December 1983 and Unit 2 came online in August 1987. At its peak, the plant accounted for 25% of Lithuania's electricity generating capacity and supplied about 70% of the country's electrical demand. Originally, four reactors were planned for the site, but construction on the third unit was suspended in 1988 and subsequently cancelled following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
As a condition for entering the European Union, Lithuania agreed to close the plant due to safety risks associated with the reactor design. Unit 1 was closed in December 2004 and Unit 2 followed on December 31, 2009. The facility is currently undergoing a massive and complex decommissioning process, which is largely financed by the EU and expected to last until 2038. Due to its internal visual similarity to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, the site served as a filming location for the 2019 HBO miniseries Chernobyl, which caused a significant increase in tourism to the facility.
The plant is located in the Visaginas municipality in northeastern Lithuania. Although the facility is decommissioned, it houses a permanent information center offering exhibitions on its history and dismantling process. Guided tours of the reactor hall and control room can be booked for a fee, but they are subject to strict security checks and advance registration. The plant is accessible for wheelchair users and open from Monday to Friday.